Classroom – Apis Training

AI in Telecom

linda — Wed, 20 May 2026 18:47:26 +0000

AI in Telecom

Virtual Classroom

€ 1020*

Classroom Training

€ 1020*

*Prices exclude VAT

Course Contents

This course gives engineers and architects a technically rigorous grounding in how Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are deployed across modern telecom networks. It moves beyond vendor marketing to examine the real data pipelines, model architectures, API interfaces, and operational constraints that determine whether an AI system succeeds or fails in a production network environment.

The modules are ordered to build understanding progressively: from the industry context and programmable-network foundations, through domain-specific use cases in RAN, Core, and BSS, to Generative AI and the governance disciplines required for safe deployment. Lab exercises are integrated into each module.

The course covers both classical ML models (anomaly detection, churn prediction, reinforcement learning) and Large Language Model applications (NOC copilots, agentic operations, configuration generation). Hands-on lab exercises are included throughout.

Target Audience

The target group is engineers, architects, and technical managers who need to understand, design, or evaluate AI systems operating on live telecom networks including network operations engineers, RAN and Core architects, BSS developers, and data scientists working in the telecom domain.

Note: Lab exercises require a Python 3.11+ environment.

Course outline

Introduction

• The four macro-trends converging in telecom AI: margin pressure, software-defined networks, democratised ML tooling, and Generative AI
• Market investment signals and deployment maturity: Customer Experience AI, Revenue Assurance, AIOps, RAN Optimisation, Generative AI
• The Autonomous Network vision: TM Forum ANL maturity scale (L0-L5) and where operators stand today
• Hype vs. reality: NOC engineer replacement, zero-touch networks, federated learning at scale, LLM configuration push
• The API foundation: 3GPP SBA, O-RAN interfaces (A1/E2/O1/O2), CAMARA/GSMA Open Gateway, TM Forum Open APIs

Network Anomaly Detection & AIOps

• The problem with threshold-based operations: alert storms, blind spots, slow MTTR, excessive false positives
• Data sources and ingestion: SNMP traps, 3GPP PM counters, Syslogs, NetFlow/IPFIX, TM Forum TMF642 alarm feeds, signalling traces
• ML techniques for anomaly detection: Isolation Forest, Autoencoders, LSTM-based forecasting
• Supervised methods: Gradient Boosted Trees (XGBoost/LightGBM), Graph Neural Networks for root cause analysis
• Alarm correlation and Root Cause Analysis (RCA) topology-aware graph scoring
• Closed-loop remediation: low-risk automated actions, medium-risk configuration within safe bounds, high-risk human approval gate

AI-Driven RAN Optimisation

• Why the RAN is the hardest optimisation problem: rule-based SON limitations and multi-objective trade-offs
• O-RAN architecture and AI integration points: Non-RT RIC, Near-RT RIC, xApps and rApps
• O-RAN A1/E2 control loops timescales and primary use cases
• Handover optimisation with Reinforcement Learning: state, action, reward formulation; PPO agents
• AI-driven energy saving: traffic prediction, sleep candidate identification, coverage verification, O1 NETCONF/YANG command issuance
• Beam management in 5G NR mmWave: CNN/LSTM on CSI feedback, position-assisted beam prediction, federated learning across gNBs

Intelligent Core: Traffic Steering & Network Slicing

• The 5G Core as a programmable system: Service Based Architecture, NRF service discovery, key NFs relevant to AI (PCF, NWDAF, SMF, UDM, AMF)
• NWDAF – the native AI node of the 5G Core: analytics types, Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo and Nnwdaf_DataManagement services (3GPP TS 23.288 / TS 29.520)
• AI-powered network slicing: demand forecasting per slice, admission control models for URLLC, resource reallocation via NSSMF
• Intent-Based Networking: intent parsing (NLP/LLM), intent fulfilment engine, actuator layer (NETCONF/YANG, 5GC SBI, SDN controller APIs)

AI in BSS: Churn, Revenue Assurance & Customer Experience

• Why BSS data is uniquely valuable for AI: CDRs, CRM data, billing and payment data, customer care interaction transcripts
• Churn prediction: feature engineering with ARPU trend, data usage delta, care contacts, network quality signals; LightGBM/XGBoost model; SHAP explanations
• Revenue assurance with AI: anomaly detection on CDR streams, Wangiri fraud detection, graph-based fraud ring detection via GNN
• AI-powered customer experience: intelligent care routing and next-best-action (NBA), network experience indexing (QoE index), proactive care

Generative AI & LLMs in Telecom Operations

• Where Generative AI fits and where it does not: NOC copilots, configuration drafting, customer care chatbots vs. real-time closed-loop control
• NOC Copilot architecture: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with runbook vector store, alarm context, and topology data
• Network configuration generation from natural-language intent: LLM drafting + deterministic validation agent + human approval gate
• Agentic AI in network operations: ReAct framework, tool-equipped agents for multi-step diagnostic workflows
• Telecom domain adaptation of LLMs: RAG over 3GPP/O-RAN specs, domain fine-tuning, structured output with schema validation

Architecture Patterns, Governance & Deployment

• Reference architecture: AI/ML Platform layer, AI Orchestration & Application layer, Network Exposure & API layer, Physical/Virtual Network
• MLOps for telecom: data drift monitoring, model versioning and staged rollout, shadow mode testing, feedback loop monitoring
• Explainability and auditability: SHAP values for tabular models, attention visualisation for neural networks, full audit trails for configuration changes
• Privacy and data governance: GDPR requirements, telecom-specific regulation, federated learning, differential privacy, data minimisation in feature pipelines
• Standards references: 3GPP TS 23.501/23.502/23.288/29.520/32.500, O-RAN WG1/WG2/WG3 specs, TM Forum IG1230/IG1251, ETSI GR ENI 001, ETSI GS ZSM 002

Practical Exercises During the Course

• Anomaly detection with Isolation Forest (Python / scikit-learn) on synthetic PM counter dataset
• Reinforcement learning for handover optimisation (PPO agent, Stable-Baselines3) using E2 telemetry dataset
• NWDAF slice load monitoring and proactive resource reallocation via mock NSSMF API (Python / Flask)
• Churn prediction with LightGBM and SHAP feature attribution on synthetic CDR + CRM dataset
• NOC Copilot with Anthropic API: incident summary, root cause, and ranked remediation steps from alarm context

Prerequisites

• Familiarity with RESTful / gRPC APIs
• Basic understanding of telecom network architecture (RAN, Core, OSS/BSS)
• Exposure to ML concepts (helpful but not required)

HTTP/2 in 5G

linda — Fri, 27 Mar 2026 13:08:33 +0000

HTTP/2 in 5G

Virtual Classroom

€ 595*

Classroom Training

€ 595*

eLearning

€ 195*

*Prices exclude VAT

Course Contents

This course presents features and usage of HTTP/2 protocol used for communication within 5G Core Network.

The course starts with an introduction of the basic HTTP features, methods, history. This is followed by description of various new features in HTTP/2 version of the protocol. The last part contains several topics describing use of the protocol in communication between Network Functions in the 5G Core Network.

Course outline

Introduction and Evolution

• HTTP introduction
• HTTP history and transport
• HTTP methods and responses

HTTP/2 Features

• HTTP/2 streams
• Server push in HTTP/2
• Binary framing
• Frame types and formats
• Header flags and protocol settings
• Use of the connection preface
• Overview of HPACK header compression

HTTP/2 in 5G

• 5G network architecture
• Rationale behind selection of HTTP/2 for 5G
• RESTful APIs
• 5G Service Based Architecture communication principles
• Examples of NF services, operations, procedures
• Mapping of service operations to HTTP/2 methods and responses
• Example OpenAPI specifications
• Overview of registration, discovery, authorisation procedures
• Lists of mandatory request and response standard and custom headers
• Security of HTTP/2 communication in 5G
• Sample trace file snapshots

Prerequisites

Basic technical knowledge of 5G networks and data communication is recommended.

5G NSA Signalling

linda — Fri, 27 Feb 2026 16:06:04 +0000

5G NSA Signalling

Virtual Classroom

€ 2600*

Classroom Training

€ 2600*

*Prices exclude VAT

Course Contents

The 5G network architecture is a significant evolution from the 4G LTE EPC. Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) and Network Slicing are new abilities that enable the operator to improve the network to meet specific applications’ requirements.

During this course you will go through key operations such as power up and system acquisition, RRC connection setup, bearer setup with 5G NR, and DL and UL operations on 5G NR. This course covers key operations through call flows with details of major messages and their key parameters.

This course offers an insight into the signalling protocols applied in the 5G RAN. You will focus on the details of the NR interface signalling exchanged between the UE and the network, but the most important aspects of other NG-RAN interfaces are also covered. Most important network procedures, such as signalling connection establishment, registration, service request and handover are discussed and presented on signalling diagrams.

Target Audience

Network engineers, people involved in network design or systems performance, and operations related job functions who need to get an in-depth understanding of signalling procedures and Function.

Course outline

5G NSA Overview

• 5G NSA architecture
• 5G NSA gNB functional blocks and interfaces
• 5G core (5GC)
• MIMO TM1-10 and massive MIMO introduction
• 5G NSA LTE & NR measurements
• EN_DC (option 3x) description
• EN_DC split bearer setup, maintain, release

5G NSA L3 Signalling

• 3GPP LTE/5G NAS signalling for (option 3x) EN_DC architecture
• 3GPP LTE/5G RRC signalling procedures and services
• 3GPP 5G RRC signalling messages
• 3GPP 5G RRC Information Elements (IE) and parameters
• BCCH SIB messages indicating EN_DC cell support
• SIB parameters description for 5G cell support
• 3GPP EN_DC service setup, split bearer setup, release signalling flow
• Practical Exercises: RRC signalling log files analysis

5G NSA L2 Signalling

• 3GPP PDCP protocol procedures and services
• 3GPP RLC protocol procedures and services
• 3GPP MAC protocol procedures and services
• 3GPP MAC scheduler
• LTE Random Access analysis
• EN_DC Random Access analysis
• 5G NR HARQ procedures
• 5G NR LDPC and polar coding
• 5G NSA NR MIMO-OFDM mapping
• 5G NSA & SA NR mMIMO-OFDM mapping (analog and digital beamforming)
• Practical Exercises: L2 MAC signalling log files analysis

5G NSA Mobility

• 5G NSA EN_DC Mobility overview
• 5G NSA re-establishment (EN_DC splitting bearer to LTE MCG bearer)
• 3GPP re-establishment Parameters – related discussion for vendor specific parameters
• Practical Exercises: EN_DC split bearer setup and EN_DC split bearer to LTE MCG bearer signalling log files analysis

5G NSA Optimization

• 5G NSA EN_DC split bearer failure
• Failure analysis and related parameters
• Practical Exercises: split bearer failure signalling log files analysis
• Parameter configuration and Optimization discussion

Prerequisites

LTE Signalling – strongly recommended!
5G System Overview – strongly recommended!

5G mMIMO RAN Design Principles

linda — Wed, 25 Feb 2026 10:16:00 +0000

5G mMIMO RAN Design Principles

Virtual Classroom

€ 1870*

Classroom Training

€ 1870*

*Prices exclude VAT

Course Contents

This 5G training course explains in detail the MIMO radio channel modeling as well as capacity and coverage impairments. The configuration of CSI-RS logical ports is discussed vs. channel estimation, SMUX and beamforming. Coverage Analysis and Throughput performance are evaluated and good planning hints are discussed and explained based on the requested achievable targets.

Target Audience

• 5G RAN Engineers
• Radio Network Optimization Engineers
• Radio Network (RAN) Planners
• 5G RAN Performance Analysis Engineers

Course Outcomes

• Ability to analytically interpret 5G mMIMO KPIs
• Clear understanding of CSI, SINR, and throughput coupling
• Improved system-level optimization decisions
• Capability to bridge theory with real network behavior

Course outline

5G Radio Channel, OFDM and Performance Foundations

• 5G NR radio channel fundamentals
• Large-scale vs small-scale fading
• Time, frequency, and spatial coherence
• OFDM waveform principles and guard intervals
• Physical Resource Block (PRB) structure
• Numerology and subcarrier spacing impact
• OFDM simulation models and channel assumptions
• Noise, interference, and SINR formulation
• Relationship between SINR, BLER, and throughput
• Introduction to system-level KPIs

Channel Estimation and CSI Fundamentals

• MIMO technology overview
• MIMO SMUX vs. Beamforming
• MIMO beamwidths and gains
• Beamforming Reference signals in 5G NR
• CSI-RS design and reporting framework
• Channel estimation accuracy limits
• Impact of mobility and Doppler
• Interpolation in time and frequency
• Effective SINR mapping concepts
• CSI feedback errors and performance loss

mMIMO and Beamforming Performance

• mMIMO channel matrix modeling
• Spatial correlation and rank
• Beamforming principles (digital, hybrid)
• CSI-based beam selection
• Impact of antenna count and array geometry
• Beamforming gain vs beam width
• Pilot contamination and reciprocity

Throughput, Capacity and Optimization

• Downlink and uplink throughput modeling
• Scheduler behavior and resource allocation
• Multi-layer transmission limits
• CSI quality vs achievable rank
• Load impact on mMIMO performance
• Energy efficiency considerations
• Realistic KPI interpretation and troubleshooting

Prerequisites

Understanding on 5G Physical Layer procedures, 5G RAN technology, 5G RAN Planning and Optimization principles.

5G NR SA Signalling

linda — Wed, 25 Feb 2026 09:52:32 +0000

5G NR SA Signalling

Virtual Classroom

€ 2600*

Classroom Training

€ 2600*

*Prices exclude VAT

Course Contents

This course constitutes a genuine training paradigm in the global telecommunication infrastructure for 5G Stand Alone (SA) signaling procedures. Audience will follow a full SA signaling analysis associated with log files extracts and examples in the overall RRC Idle, RRC connected mode, mobility and Accessibility analysis together with optimization procedures.

Target Audience

Technical professionals, RAN planning engineers, RAN optimization engineers, who need a better understanding in 5G NR SA optimization or troubleshooting procedures.

Course Outcomes

• Explain in full details the L3 (RRC) signalling and L2 (MAC) signalling
• Explore the 5G NR SA signalling flows
• Practical approach using SA log files with emphasis to radio parameters and optimization

Course outline

5G SA Primary Requirements

• 5G SA idle mode
o 5G NR SA SSB contents and info
o 5G NR SA SSB measurements
o 5G NR SA CORESET0/SIB1 determination and content analysis
o 5G NR SA initial cell selection/reselection
• 5G SA beam management
o p1, p2, p3 procedures
o Initial SSB beam sweeping and beam management parameters
o Initial Accessibility analysis
o Initial Beam Selection - Signalling analysis
o TX Beam refinement - Signalling analysis
o RX beam refinement - Signalling analysis

5G SA Connected Mode

• 5G Core related SA QoS
o 5GC QoS overview
o QoS IP flows vs. QoS Bearers
o SDAP Protocol
o 5GC authentication signalling flow establishment
o 5G NR SA NAS/AS security
• 5G SA Registration
o 5G NR SA NAS procedures
o 5G NR SA RRC protocol messages
o 5G NR SA RRC procedures
o 5G NR SA Registration signalling flow
• 5G SA User Service analysis
o 5G NR SA Initial Accessibility
o 5G NR SA MO/MT signalling flow

5G SA Mobility

• SA mobility
o 5G SA A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 events
o 5G SA intra-frequency handover
o 5G SA inter-frequency handover
o 5G SA inter-technology RwR
o 5G SA inter-technology handover
• 5G SA EPS Fallback
o 5G SA EPS Fallback overview
o 5G SA EPS Fallback signalling flow analysis

Trace log analysis with examples will support all sections.

Prerequisites

A good understanding of 5G NR Physical Layer, with some technical competence on planning and optimization principles.

5G RAN KPI Performance Troubleshooting

linda — Wed, 25 Feb 2026 09:34:28 +0000

5G RAN KPI Performance Troubleshooting

Virtual Classroom

€ 2600*

Classroom Training

€ 2600*

*Prices exclude VAT

Course Contents

This course introduces the audience in a deep 5G NR RAN performance Accessibility, retainability, Integrity and Mobility analysis for both NSA and SA deployments. The course explores major network performance, troubleshooting analysis and optimization techniques based on RAN KPIs across the radio, mobility, throughput, latency, and reliability dimensions, discussing abnormally detection and ways to improve performance.

Target Audience

Technical audience involved in RAN operations, RAN planning and optimizations and 5G networks and services.

Course Outcomes

• Provide detailed information about 5G NSA/SA RAN statistical observability.
• 5G NSA/SA RAN performance analysis, optimization and troubleshooting.
• Introduce RAN planning and optimization hints.

Course outline

5G NSA/SA Statistical Measurements

• 5G NSA architecture
• Basic overview of NSA/SA signaling scenarios
• 5G NSA Statistical measurements on eNodeB
• 5G NSA/SA Statistical measurements on gNB
• General performance analysis on network capacity and availability

5G NSA/SA Accessibility

• 5G NSA RACH procedure
• 5G SA RACH Procedure
• Performance analysis for 5G NSA/SA accessibility success rate
• Performance success rate estimation (math modeling)
• Most Common trouble-shooting analysis based on KPIs

5G NSA/SA Retainability/Mobility

• 5G NSA EN_DC establishment success rate
• 5G NSA EN_DC DRB retainability analysis and troubleshooting
• 5G NSA EN_DC mobility analysis (eNodeB & gNB) and troubleshooting
• 5G SA establishment success rate - analysis and troubleshooting
• 5G SA retainability - analysis and troubleshooting
• 5G SA Mobility analysis - analysis and troubleshooting
• Most Common trouble-shooting analysis based on KPIs

5G NSA/SA Throughput

• 5G NSA EN_DC MAC DRB throughput rate and troubleshooting
• 5G NSA EN_DC PDCP throughput rate and troubleshooting
• 5G SA MAC DRB throughput analysis and troubleshooting
• 5G SA PDCP throughput analysis and troubleshooting
• Most Common trouble-shooting analysis based on KPIs

5G NSA/SA Capacity Performance

• 5G NSA/SA RRC connected users analysis and troubleshooting
• 5G NSA/SA data connected users analysis and troubleshooting
• 5G NSA/SA PUCCH SINR analysis and troubleshooting
• 5G NSA/SA CQI analysis and troubleshooting
• 5G NSA/SA HARQ analysis and troubleshooting
• 5G NSA/SA Interference analysis and troubleshooting

Trace log analysis with examples will support all sections.

Prerequisites

Understanding of 5G RAN technology, Physical layer, 5G RAN signaling and planning procedures.

Microwave Design for Mobile Networks

linda — Wed, 18 Feb 2026 10:03:36 +0000

Microwave Design for Mobile Networks

Virtual classroom

€ 2600*

Classroom Training

€ 2600*

*Prices exclude VAT

Course Contents

This training course is designed for engineers with knowledge of Microwave (MW) technology and Microwave (MW) Link Communications who desire to acquire greater knowledge in MW link applications in the areas of Mobile fronthaul and backhaul network.

It offers basic understanding of MW link design, fully analyzing the atmospheric and terrain propagation conditions and effects up to the basic MW link budget design. Emphasis is given to the MW design for mobile network deployment opportunities, challenges, and risks that’s needed to exploit and deploy the 5G fronthaul over MW from the throughput, Quality of Service and capacity perspective. The course is supported by proper excel dimensioning (calculator) files for practical exercises and case studies.

Target Audience

This course is mainly aimed at a technical audience. It is suitable for technical professionals, RAN operators, RF and MW engineers, Radio planning engineers, RAN optimization engineers, defense sector who currently are or will be involved in 5G fronthaul and backhaul over MW link deployments.

Moreover, it is useful for Broadcasting and Transmission network companies wishing to move towards more flexible 5G deployments over MW transmission links.

Course objectives

• Understand 5G deployment over MW requirements.
• Explore 5G fronthaul and backhaul over MW coverage and capacity principles.
• Learn about MW transmission networks and its link performance.
• Introduce engineers into the fundamentals of MW link communications with reference to MW link budget and throughput.
• Explore the MW transmission characteristics and atmospheric propagation effects.
• Practice on 5G network over MW link capacity and coverage planning tools (i.e. excel calculator examples) through practical exercises.

Course outline

Section 1: Microwave (MW) Link basics

Microwave (MW) propagation
• MW (E) and (H) fields
• Sky wave, ground wave and sea level propagation
• Line-of-Sight (LOS) and non-Line-of-Sight (non-LOS) propagation
• Ground Reflection
• Sky Reflection
• Radio Refraction
• Ground Diffraction
• Atmospheric Scattering
• Earth’s curvature and shadow
• Fresnel zones
• Absorption in terrestrial environments
• X-Pol conditions and dependency
• ITU-R MW Propagation models

Microwave (MW) atmospheric effects
• Refraction and variations in radio refractivity (N factor)
• Snell’s law and the effective earth radius (K factor)
• Rain attenuation
• Specific rain rate and effective path length
• ITU rain attenuation model
• Cloud and fog attenuation
• Other atmospheric attenuation

Section 2: Microwave (MW) Link Planning

Microwave (MW) Antenna Basics
• Isotropic and dipole radiators
• Dish antennas and its characteristics
• Estimating antenna gain and Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EiRP)
• Beam-widths and tilt considerations for MW antennas
• Radiation patterns and sidelobes
• Antenna selection principles
• Exercise with excel calculators for antenna Gain estimation

Microwave (MW) Link Budget Analysis
• MW Indoor Unit (IDU) characteristics – HW example
• MW Outdoor Unit (ODU) characteristics – HW example
• ODU Transmitting Power – HW example
• IDU receiving sensitivity – HW example
• Feeder and jumper losses
• Link budget overview
• Line-of-sight (LOS) path loss models
• Fresnel zone
• Path loss and free space path loss
• Terrain factors - Multipath loss
• Transmission line loss
• Exercise: Typical MW link budget calculation

Microwave (MW) Link Design
• MW bands and sub-bands selection
• IDU feature characteristics – HW example
• MW IDU Capacity expansion – HW example
• Channel Capacity and IP transmission
• Throughput estimation vs. frequency and bands
• Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
• Link Aggregation
• Adaptive Transmit Power Control (ATPC)
• Antennas Diversity
• Diversity types: Space, frequency, angle, polarization, hybrid
• Diversity combining and improvements over non-diversity systems
• Exercise: Typical MW Capacity calculation

Section 3: Microwave (MW) Link Performance

Microwave (MW) Link QoS & Performance
• ITU standards and recommendations
• Multipath (Rician, Raleigh and Nakagami) fading
• Threshold crossing rate and average fade duration
• Delay spread and Scatter function
• Channel coherence time and coherence bandwidth
• Multipath fading margin
• Forward Error Correction (FEC)
• Channel estimation and equalization in IDU
• Equalization gain margin
• Availability and error rate objectives
• Measurements of bit error rate, eye patterns, and jitter

Microwave (MW) Link Interference
• Interference analysis for co-channel and adjacent-channel
• Carrier-to-Interference (C/I) ratio
• Threshold-to-interference (T/I) ratio
• Design for intra-system interference
• Design for inter-system interference
• Frequency planning
• Case study: Detailed analysis of a terrestrial MW Network

Section 4: Mobile Network MW Transport Network Design

Mobile Network Overview
• LTE architecture
• 5G NR NSA and SA architectures
• 5G EPC architecture
• 5GC architecture and slicing
• S1 & X2 interface
• NG & Xn interface
• 4G/5G Transport MW Network Design principles.
• Case study using Practical exercise on Excel

Prerequisites

Those wishing to take this course should have a good understanding of Mobile and 5G technology as well as Microwave (MW) link communication basic principles.

5G Standalone Architecture and Features

linda — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 11:09:39 +0000

5G Standalone Architecture and Features

Virtual Classroom

€ 1 020*

Classroom Training

€ 1 020*

eLearning

€ 195*

*Prices exclude VAT

Course Contents

This course provides an overview of the 5G Standalone (SA) network architecture and features as specified in the 3GPP standards.

It examines the architecture and key components of both the Access and Core Networks, addressing deployment scenarios for Non-Standalone (NSA) and Standalone (SA) modes.

The course concentrates on the advanced 5G SA capabilities – including features that support the transmission of voice, video, and data from a diverse set of applications with varying traffic characteristics, and those features that enable operators to deploy and manage the network in a cost-efficient and scalable manner.

Course outline

Introduction to 5G

• Expectations and requirements
• 5G Use Cases
• Evolution of the 3GPP standards for 5G since R15

5G Network Architecture

• 5G network architecture: access networks and core network
• UE and external data networks
• Deployment options: Non-Standalone (NSA) and Standalone (SA)
• Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) as a tool to implement the 5G System (5GS)
• 5G UE Identifiers

5G Access Network

• NG-RAN: 5G New Radio, NR
o NR Frequency bands for 5G: FR1 and FR2 (mmWave)
o Comparison of the NR and E-UTRAN characteristics
• NG-RAN: gNB
o gNB functionalities
o Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN) deployment option
o Open-RAN (O-RAN) deployment option
• LTE/E-UTRAN access in 5G
o Dual connectivity: single-RAT and multi-RAT
• Satellite Access in 5G
• Non-3GPP Access Networks
o Untrusted WiFi
o Trusted Wifi
o Multi-access PDU sessions for WiFi Offload
o Wireline/Fixed

5G Core Network

• 5G Core Network (5G CN) Architecture
o Service Based Architecture (SBA) principles
o 5G CN Network Functions (NFs)
o 5G CN roaming architecture
• Network Functions Virtualisation in 5G CN
• Basic signalling procedures
o UE Network Access: 5G Registration
o UE Service Access: PDU Session Establishment

The 5G User Plane

• UP resources in 5G
o Basic definitions: QoS Flow, Service Data Flow (SDF)
o 5G QoS parameters: 5QI
o 5G Routing rules: traffic steering and influencing
• PDU Session
o Attributes
o Session types and the corresponding use cases

Advanced 5G network capabilities for enhanced service handling

• Traffic Steering and Service Influencing via NEF: 5G APIs
• Network Slicing
• Edge computing
• Private Networks
• Local Area Data Networks
• Time Sensitive Communication

Application-specific support in 5G

• Telephony Service support
o IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) control
o EPS/RAT fallback procedures
• Advanced Data Services support
o Sessions with multiple PSAs
o Localised Services
• Internet of Things (IoT) support

Prerequisites

Technical knowledge of mobile telecom is strongly recommended. A solid understanding of 4G LTE/EPS will be highly beneficial.

2G to 5G – Evolution, Architecture and Features

linda — Tue, 07 Oct 2025 10:00:07 +0000

2G to 5G – Evolution, Architecture and Features

Classroom Training

€ 1020*

Virtual Classroom

€ 1020*

eLearning

€ 195*

*Prices exclude VAT

Course Contents

This course presents an introduction to 3GPP networks, the system architecture and evolution, as well as selected network procedures and features.

The course presents similarities and differences between different 3GPP system generations. Basic architecture, terms, concepts, procedures, radio technologies, and the core network functions are introduced. With the 2G and 3G being phased out, the focus is on the newer 4G and 5G systems.

Course outline

History and Fundamentals

• From POTS to 1G Mobile Networks
• 2G: GSM and GPRS – high level network architecture
• From 2G to 5G: evolution of radio access and core networks
• Radio network structure
• Devices and cards: MS, UE, SIM, USIM, UICC, eUICC, eSIM, iSIM

Network Architecture

• 3GPP introduction, history, and system releases
• Basic elements of 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G network architecture
• Control Plane and User Plane
• Detailed 4G and 5G network architectures
• Databases and subscriber data: HLR, HSS, UDM, UDR
• Roaming architecture for CS and PS services
• Dual Connectivity
• Selected 4G/5G Deployment Options
• Non-3GPP access to 3GPP networks
• IMS
• Radio access multiplexing technologies
• Carrier aggregation in 4G and 5G
• Other selected radio features

Services and Procedures

• Network services available from 2G and 5G
• Voice handling – CS-based and IMS controlled
• Short Message Service in different generations of 3GPP system
• Data connections to external data networks
• Quality of Service (QoS) – basic concepts and parameters used from 2G to 5G
• Service connections versus radio connections
• UE idle and UE connected
• Idle mode mobility procedures and registration areas in different 3GPP system generations
• A generic update procedure with a serving core network node change
• Periodic updates: in CS domain, in PS domain, and in IMS
• Connected mode mobility procedures: handover, conditional handover, redirection, cell change order.
• A handover procedure – basic concepts and execution
• IMS procedures and IMS related procedures
• Selected UE identifiers used in the core network, radio network, and IMS
• Authentication procedure between UE and 2G/3G/4G/5G network
• Ciphering and integrity protection across different system generations

Network Features

• Communication options: from transparent communication to edge computing and exposure functions
• Internet of Things (IoT) support – challenges and solutions
• Selected enhancements for IoT connectivity in 4G and 5G
• Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) in 3GPP: transparent and regenerative architectures, orbits, cells, access types, new procedures
• Dedicated Core Networks and Network Slicing
• Non-Public Networks a.k.a. Private Networks
• Mission Critical Services in 3GPP
• Non-service-related network functions

Prerequisites

Basic technical knowledge of telecoms is recommended.

5G RAN NR Air Interface Overview

linda — Mon, 01 Sep 2025 09:06:18 +0000

5G RAN NR Air Interface Overview

Upcoming Public Event

Date: 28-29 April 2026
Hours: 8:00 – 14:00 CEST
Format: Virtual Classroom
Price: € 1 870

Virtual Calssroom

€ 1870*

Classroom Training

€ 1870*

*Prices exclude VAT

Course Contents

This course provides a high-level, professional overview of the 5G New Radio (NR) air interface, focusing on the key principles that underpin modern radio access networks. It introduces the fundamental concepts of NR technology, including radio design, spectrum usage, and flexible deployment options.

Participants will gain an understanding of the NR physical layer framework, including frame structure, numerologies, and the role of advanced features such as beamforming and bandwidth adaptation. The course also outlines essential procedures such as synchronization, initial access, and system information acquisition. Core functionalities of control and data transmission are presented in a clear and structured way, along with the role of reference signals and measurements in enabling efficient communication. In addition, the course highlights key operational aspects such as scheduling, reliability mechanisms, and beam management.

An overview of MIMO and massive MIMO technologies is included, together with their impact on performance and capacity. The course concludes with a brief introduction to NR and LTE interworking, providing a complete picture of how 5G integrates into existing networks.

Course outline

NR Overview

• Summary of radio techniques used in NR
• NR Channel Architecture
• Radio Resource Control protocol (for L1 operation)
• Medium Access Control protocol (for L1 operation)
• Overview of physical channels and signals

NR Physical Layer Design

• Spectrum allocation for 5G
• Bandwidth adaptation and Bandwidth Parts (BWP)
• OFDM numerologies for NR
• NR radio frame and subframe structure
• Slots and slot formats
• Self-contained slots for TDD operation

Synchronization and Initial Access

• SS/PBCH Blocks (mapping, transmission)
• Beamforming and beam sweeping
• PBCH processing and the MIB
• Common Control Resource Set 0 (CORESET #0)
• System Information Block 1
• PRACH and the random access procedure
• RACH accessibility overview
• Initial beam selection

Control Channels & Signals

• Layer 1 processing for PDCCH
• Layer 1 processing for PUCCH
• UE-specific CORESETs
• Coding and mapping of PDCCH
• PUCCH coding and resource selection
• DM-RS mapping for PDCCH and PUCCH
• CSI reporting and CSI-RS configuration
• SRS configuration and SRS triggering

Data Channels

• Layer 1 processing for DL-SCH and UL-SCH
• DM-RS mapping for PDSCH and PUSCH
• Scheduling and HARQ timing
• ACK/NACK signalling on PUCCH
• DCI formats for scheduling and other purposes
• Time and frequency domain resource allocation
• Beam adjustment
• Beam failure detection and recovery

MIMO/mMIMO overview

• MIMO principles & releases
• mMIMO evolution
• mMIMO beams and functionality
• Digital vs. Analog/Hybrid beamforming

NR/LTE Interworking

• EN-DC (DC between LTE and NR)
• Spectrum sharing between LTE and NR

Prerequisites

Reasonably good technical knowledge of the LTE physical layer and the LTE radio protocols is highly recommended but not compulsory.